Neuroprotective Role of the Novel GLP-1R Agonist Semaglutide

Disturbances in insulin signaling and glucose metabolism within the brain are associated with the onset of neuronal degeneration and a reduction in synaptic activity. Research increasingly supports the therapeutic potential of GLP-1R agonists for diabetes- related neurodegenerative diseases. The incretin hormone recognized as GLP-1 is of major significance in ensuring the control of blood glucose levels and the facilitation of appropriate insulin signaling, which are also known to have neuroprotective properties against Alzheimer's disease, including the prevention of neuronal death, inhibition of Aβ accumulation, and mitigation of tau hyperphosphorylation. In contrast to other types of GLP-1R agonists, limited studies have focused on the novel GLP-1R agonist Semaglutide. The principal aim of this review is to determine the molecular mechanisms that link Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus, as well as to understand the neuroprotective role of semaglutide.