Search of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of immunoinflammatory dermatoses by means of flow cytometry

Immunoinflammatory dermatoses are often characterized by common pathogenetic mechanisms, in the chain of which dysfunctions are found in different components of the immune system. Currently, identification and determination of biomarkers for both assessment of the course’s severity and for objectification of the evaluation of immunoinflammatory dermatoses’ treatment effectiveness are ongoing. Objective. To study the immunophenotype of peripheral blood leukocytes in patients with chronic dermatoses during the period of relapse and remission for determining the prognostic and diagnostic immunological markers. Material and methods. A number of patients equal 111 aged 18—65 years with chronic dermatoses was under supervision (atopic dermatitis — 25, psoriasis vulgaris — 24, erythema multiforme — 12, lipoid necrobiosis — 11, lichen ruber planus — 12, acne inversa — 10, chronic recurrent furunculosis — 17). Background therapy in each group included traditional external therapy without application of immunobiological drugs. Subpopulation composition of peripheral blood leukocytes was determined by flow cytometry («Beckman Coulter», USA) with monoclonal antibodies to the relevant antigens according to the manufacturer’s instructions during the disease’s relapse and remission period. Results. The highest CD38 values have been observed in patients with atopic dermatitis and psoriasis, the maximum γδ T lymphocyte values — in patients with atopical dermatitis and in lipoid necrobiosis. The lowest levels of the CD95 apoptosis marker expression have been noted in patients with atopic dermatitis and erythema multiforme. Lipoid necrobiosis was characterized by an increase in CD25+ content and a significant increase in γδ cells, psoriasis — by a decrease in the number of helper T lymphocytes. There has been an increase in NKT lymphocytes proportion in presence of a decrease in NK lymphocytes level and maximum values of γδ lymphocytes in atopic dermatitis as opposed to other pathologies. An increase in amount of B lymphocytes and minimum values of CD95 have been noted in erythema multiforme.