Characteristics of the Qualitative Research on Inclusion of the Youngest Children in Child Welfare and Protection Work Processes: A Qualitative Systematic Review

ABSTRACT The aim of this article is to explore qualitative research on the inclusion of younger children in child welfare and protection work (CWP) processes. A qualitative systematic review was conducted of how children aged 0–12 are understood and included. Thirty articles discussing micro‐collaborative practices between younger children and CWP professionals published between 2015 and 2022 were synthesized and thematically analysed. For those aged under 6 years, there are gaps in research related to inclusion experiences and practices. The thematic analysis confirms that the discourses of vulnerability and maturity trump younger children's participation rights. The youngest children are largely positioned as objects, which may have negative consequences for their safety. A lack of information may affect their understanding of the situation and leave them stressed and frustrated. To protect children's rights, changes in policy and practice are needed. Social workers need more time with children and a greater awareness of pedagogical adaptation and the use of tools to support younger children's communication. To further promote the children's inclusion, it is essential to increase the focus on training social workers and researching child–professional communication, relational aspects and collaboration between younger children and professionals in CWP work processes.