Wireless interrogator for passive electromagnetic sensors for IoT applications

This work presents a novel wireless interrogator designed to efficiently interface with passive ‎electromagnetic sensors, addressing critical challenges in energy efficiency and real-time IoT ‎connectivity. The Internet of Things (IoT) is transforming a wide range of industries, enabling real-time ‎monitoring and information collection through interconnected sensor networks. Passive electromagnetic ‎sensors, which do not require an external power source, offer significant advantages in energy efficiency ‎and maintenance-free operation. However, efficient data interrogation and communication from these ‎sensors remain a challenge, particularly in IoT-based wireless applications. The design and development of a ‎wireless IoT interrogator for passive electromagnetic sensors are described in this paper. The proposed ‎interrogator leverages advanced wireless communication protocols and energy-efficient techniques to ‎interrogate passive sensors, retrieve data, and transmit it to IoT networks for real-time monitoring and ‎analysis. We analyze the system's performance through experiments, highlighting the interrogator's ‎capability to support diverse IoT applications, such as environmental monitoring and smart agriculture. ‎The proposed system is energy-efficient, scalable, and capable of supporting real-time data transmission ‎to IoT networks, making it ideal for a wide range of IoT applications. F1 antenna gain is 3.50 dBi, and ‎mF1 antenna gain is 5.10 dBi. Output power for frequency doubling reflectenna system observed -20dB, ‎‎-89dB for distance between Tx and Rx at 100 cm, 1000cm, respectively‎.