How is artificial intelligence technology transforming energy security? New evidence from global supply chains

Research background: Ensuring energy security (ESR) is critical for national stability and sustainable growth. However, the role of artificial intelligence technology (AIT) in enhancing ESR, particularly through global supply chain (GSC) transmission channels, remains underexplored. Purpose of the article: This study investigates the dynamic relationship between AIT and ESR in the context of the United States, examining whether AIT ensures energy security via GSC optimization and how this interplay evolves over time. Methods: A time-varying parameter vector autoregressive model with stochastic volatility (TVP-VAR-SV) is developed to analyze the dynamic links between AIT, GSC, and ESR and capture time-varying effects and extreme-period impacts. Findings & value added: The results indicate that the impact of AIT on ESR is initially modest in the short term, but increases substantially in the medium to long term by optimizing energy production, distribution, and management. GSC stability and efficiency serve as key transmission channels, and post-2010 advancements amplify the influence of AIT. During crises, AIT ensures the continuity of energy security through intelligent GSC adjustments in the US. This study highlights the critical role of AIT-driven supply chain strategies in energy security and offers policy-makers actionable insights to leverage AIT and GSC optimization for sustainable energy systems.