Treatment failure among children under 5 years hospitalized with pneumonia at the pediatric ward of Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital in Southwestern Uganda: a prospective observational study

Our study identified a high incidence of treatment failure among children under 5 years in this setting. There is a need for early and accurate diagnosis, which includes culture and sensitivity tests, timely initiation of effective antibiotic therapy, active pharmacovigilance, and close monitoring of patients with acute malnutrition to reduce the likelihood of treatment failure.