Characteristics of Pregnant Patients with Preeclampsia at Ngoerah Hospital Denpasar in the Period of January–December 2023

Objectives: Preeclampsia remains a significant cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in developing countries. This study aimed to examine the characteristics of pregnant women diagnosed with preeclampsia at Ngoerah Hospital, Denpasar, during the period January to December 2023. Methods: This retrospective descriptive study analyzed secondary data from medical records of preeclampsia patients at the Maternity Center of Ngoerah Hospital. Variables included patient demographics (age, parity, and body mass index), employment status, education level, and relevant health history, such as prior hypertension and preeclampsia in previous pregnancies. Additionally, clinical parameters such as gestational age, blood pressure readings, proteinuria levels, and mode of delivery were analyzed. Data collection was conducted using electronic medical records, followed by statistical analysis with SPSS. Results were summarized using frequency distributions and percentages. Results: Of 787 deliveries, 141 cases (17.91%) were diagnosed with preeclampsia, showing an increase from previous years. Most patients were aged 20–35 years (73.1%), multiparous (59.6%), and obese (49.6%). Blood pressure reached a maximum of 210/140 mmHg, with severe preeclampsia predominating (92.9% with proteinuria). Late-onset preeclampsia (≥34 weeks) was more common (70.2%) than early-onset (<34 weeks, 29.8%). A history of chronic hypertension and preeclampsia occurred in 12.1% and 12.8% of cases, respectively. Most patients were homemakers (53.9%) with a high school education (70.9%). Cesarean section was the primary delivery method (66%), followed by vaginal delivery (17.8%), assisted delivery (5.6%), and conservative management (10.6%). Conclusion: This high incidence of preeclampsia emphasizes the importance of targeted preventive measures and early intervention strategies, especially for high-risk groups identified in this population. Enhanced screening and management protocols at Ngoerah Hospital could significantly reduce the burden of preeclampsia and its complications, contributing to improved maternal and neonatal outcomes.