Advanced phase diversity method for RSA: wavefront detection and image fusion

Rotating synthetic aperture (RSA) represents an emerging large-aperture imaging technology characterized by a rectangular aperture with a high aspect ratio. This configuration enables enhanced imaging resolution along the long-axis direction. During target observation, the aperture undergoes rotational maneuvers to acquire multi-angle imaging data, where subsequent fusion processing techniques facilitate high-quality image reconstruction. Current RSA image fusion methodologies primarily address high-frequency errors with statistical regularity, such as tremor and noise, yet remain ineffective against systematic wavefront aberrations. This paper proposes an advanced phase diversity (PD) algorithm based on aperture rotation to calculate the wavefront characteristics of the RSA system, combined with a multi-frame Richardson-Lucy algorithm to achieve superior image restoration performance.