Analysis of Photovoltaic Systems with Battery Storage, Electric Vehicle Charging, and Smart Energy Management

Shifting towards renewable energy sources is essential for achieving sustainability goals. This research aims to develop and practically validate an integrated photovoltaic (PV) system with battery storage and electric vehicle (EV) charging, combined with smart energy management, to optimize energy use and minimize fossil fuel reliance. Conducted in Constanta, Romania, the study presents a novel practical solution involving a real-world grid-connected PV system leveraging battery storage to effectively retain excess solar energy for future consumption, thereby enhancing self-sufficiency and grid independence. Utilizing PV*SOL for system simulation and Global Solar Atlas for solar irradiance data, the authors provide accurate assessments of energy yield, economic feasibility, and environmental benefits. Results demonstrate a high energy autonomy level, with solar energy covering 92.2% of total consumption, alongside a notable annual reduction of 6239 kg in CO2 emissions. The study significantly contributes to the field by providing an empirically validated model that bridges theory and practice, offering a scalable blueprint for sustainable and economically viable renewable energy systems.