Microclimate Shifts and Leaf Miner Community Responses to Shelterwood Regeneration in Sessile Oak Forests

For forests to provide ecosystem services and function optimally, they need to be managed. Forest management measures can cause significant environmental changes, which sometimes appear extreme. The most notable disturbance caused by forest regeneration is the change in canopy cover. Alteration of the canopy cover is followed by the modifications of many microclimatic factors. These changes subsequently affect all the living organisms in the forest. The present study was conducted to determine how the changes caused by modifications of canopy closure by shelterwood regeneration affect the leaf-mining insect community on sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.). We identified that the removal of the canopy significantly affects the microclimate, vegetation, and the leaf miner community. The insolation and temperature increased in the more open areas, while relative air humidity decreased. This affects the characteristics of the young oak plants, which grow taller and produce more leaves in the open-canopy areas. All these changes consequentially affect the leaf miner community. While the species richness and abundance per tree increased with the decrease in canopy closure, the species richness and abundance per leaf decreased. The opening of the canopy positively affected the leaf miners in the end by increasing the diversity and evenness of their community.