The First Genome-Wide Survey Analysis of the Tibetan Plateau Tetraploid Schizothorax curvilabiatus Reveals Its Microsatellite Characteristics and Phylogenetic Relationships

<b>Background/Objectives</b>: <i>Schizothorax curvilabiatus</i>, a typical highland polyploid species within the subfamily Schizothoracinae, holds economic value and ecological research significance. Currently, there are no related genomic studies. To obtain its genetic information and lay the foundation for subsequent whole-genome map construction, this study conducted a genome survey analysis, preliminary genome assembly, microsatellite identification, repeat sequence annotation, mitochondrial genome characterization, and phylogenetic relationship research. <b>Methods</b>: DNA was sequenced on a DNBSEQ-T7 platform to obtain paired-end genomic data. The genome was analyzed using GCE, and the draft genome was assembled with SOAPdenovo. Microsatellites were identified using MISA, and the mitochondrial genome was assembled with NOVOPlasty. Genome features were analyzed, and phylogenetic trees were constructed using PhyloSuite and MEGA. <b>Results</b>: The genome size was estimated at 2.53 Gb, with a heterozygosity of 6.55% and 47.66% repeat sequences. A 1.324 Gb preliminary genome draft was obtained, with repeat sequences comprising 47.17%, the majority being DNA transposons (24.64%). Dinucleotide repeats were most abundant (46.91%), followed by mononucleotide repeats (38.31%), with A/T and AC/GT being the most frequent. A complete mitochondrial genome of 16,589 bp was assembled, and a 939 bp D-loop was annotated. Phylogenetic relationships among genera in the Schizothoracinae subfamily were also clarified. <b>Conclusions</b>: This study provides the latest molecular data for analysis of the <i>S. curvilabiatus</i> genome and its related populations, and for the first time offers genomic resources for research on genomic adaptive evolution and polyploidization in high-altitude environments.