The effect of plough types and planting depths in productivity of two sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) varieties at Erbil -Iraq

The field experiment was conducted at this study at Grdarasha field of College of Agriculture engineering scinces Salahaddin University-Erbil Government Kurdistan Region- Iraq during summer growing season 2024, to investigate the effect of difference tillage on machinery performance, growth and yield of two variety of sunflower (Helianthus annuus). Three repetitions and a Split Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) were used to set up the experiment. The first factors include two difference of tillage:  Moldboard plow (A1) and Disc plow (A2), the second factors included two sunflower variety: (Pshdar C1) (Erbil C2), the third factor included two different depths planting (3cm B1), (6cm B2). In more experimental characteristics, the disc plough clearly outperformed the moldboard plough when tilling the soil, in terms of Actual field capacity, fuel consumption, slippage and forward speed. The disc plow recorded maximum value of speed (3.80 km h-1), slippage percentage (13%), and field capacity (0.42 ha h-1), the minimum fuel consumption (32.43 L ha-1), while moldboard plow recorded maximum value of speed (3.30 km h-1), slippage percentage (27.10%), and field capacity (0.50 hr-1 ha), the minimum fuel consumption (37.91 L ha-1). The difference tillage were significant affected on some growth and yield parameters; moldboard plow (A1) and disc plow (A2) The results of the total yield recorded a significant superiority in soil plowing with the disc plow over soil plowing with the (A2) its (3.975 t ha-1)but in (A1) its (3.082 t ha-1).The highest value of plant height (181.84cm) in (A1) but in (A2) its (193.46cm), leaf area (391.82cm) in (A1), but in (A2) its (429.69cm), and sound seed of weight/head (46.23g) in (A1) but in (A2) its (59.63g), head diameter in (A1) its (16.20cm) but in (A2) its (18.40cm). No. of seed/head in (A1= 799.7), but in (A2=858.2).