Preparation and dielectric properties of ZrO2 over-substituted barium zirconate titanate ceramics by direct writing 3D printing

Barium titanate ceramics exhibit great potential in ceramic capacitors due to their excellent dielectric properties . However, with the highly integrated advancement in electronic components, the preparation of high-capacitance ceramic capacitors with complex structural design has been the focus in current research. In this study, the complex structural barium zirconium titanate is first prepared through direct ink writing (DIW) technique. Subsequently, based on the regulation of zirconium substitution on the phase transition temperature of barium titanate, we reasonably designed zirconium-substituted barium titanate ceramics with varying stoichiometric ratios to regulate the three-phase transition temperatures of zirconium titanate ceramics, and following optimized the sintering temperature of the over-substituted barium zirconium titanate, thus improving the dielectric properties of the barium titanate. The results demonstrate that the solid content of 65 % exhibited the optimal forming precision and the highest densification. Additionally, the over-substituted zirconia alter the phase structure of barium titanate, increasing the proportion of tetragonal phase and subsequently elevating the dielectric constant of the specimens. Notably, among all sintering temperatures tested, the specimen sintered at 1400 °C display the highest proportion of tetragonal zirconia-barium titanate and an optimal dielectric constant. This research offers valuable technical and theoretical insights for the preparation and utilization of zirconium-substituted barium titanate ceramics with intricate structures. • In this paper, barium zirconate titanate with complex structure was prepared by direct ink writing (DIW) technique. • We designed zirconium-substituted barium titanate ceramics with different stoichiometric ratios. • The over-substitution zirconia altered the phase structure of barium titanate, increasing the proportion of tetragonal phase. • This study provides a theoretical basis for the preparation of complex structure barium zirconate titanate ceramics.