Integration of Blockchain Technologies into the Management of Agro-Industrial Holdings: Drivers of Efficiency and Sustainable Development

The article is dedicated to analyzing the prospects of applying blockchain technologies in the management of large agro-industrial holdings. Based on a critical review of current scientific literature and an empirical study, key directions for integrating blockchain into the management practices of agro-industrial complexes (AIC) holdings were identified: enhancing supply chain transparency, optimizing logistics, automating transactions, and tokenizing assets. A conceptual model of a blockchain ecosystem for agro-holdings has been proposed, covering all major business processes and stakeholders. Using methods of economic and mathematical modeling and statistical data analysis from 20 leading agro-holdings in Russia for 2018–2023, it has been proven that blockchain implementation ensures operational efficiency growth by 12–17%, transaction cost reduction by 10–15%, and increased investment attractiveness. The effects are associated with increased trust among participants, elimination of intermediaries, continuous asset monitoring, and data reliability. The role of blockchain as a catalyst for sustainable development of agro-industrial holdings is substantiated through ensuring traceability, reducing risks, and promoting responsible consumption. Barriers and limitations of the technology are identified, and measures to overcome them are proposed. The results obtained advance scientific understanding of the potential of blockchain in managing integrated AIC structures and provide a foundation for developing strategies for the digital transformation of agribusiness.