Fuzzy PSO Algorithm for Optimal DG Integration in a Practical Indian Distribution Network Using Logic OR-Based Forward Backward Load Flow

In recent years, the integration of distributed generation (DG) resources has become more prevalent due to their positive influence on electrical systems. On the other hand, incorrect DG unit placement and sizing can increase losses and negatively impact voltage stability. Effective methods for integrating DG into Distribution Networks (DN) are crucial for reducing these difficulties. In DNs with high resistance-to-reactance (R/X) ratios, conventional Newton Raphson Load Flow (NR-LF) methods often face difficulties because of the singularity of the Jacobian matrix. To overcome this, a Logic OR-Based Forward Backward Load Flow (FB-LF) method, utilizing simplified matrix computations, is proposed for load flow analysis. The multi-objective optimization problem is addressed using a Fuzzy based Mixed Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization (MD-PSO) algorithm, enhanced by the Modified Fuzzy max-min principle. A real-world 28-bus distribution network with a range of load scenarios is used to validate the methodology. Additionally, the results are compared with those obtained from the standard 69-bus distribution network. The suggested technique's ability to reduce convergence time and computational complexity is demonstrated by the results, which also examine power losses and voltage profiles under various loading scenarios.