Stability Enhancement in Power Systems with High Renewable Penetration: The Role of Grid-Forming Inverters

As power systems integrate increasing levels of renewable energy sources (RES), stability becomes a significant challenge due to the unique dynamic characteristics of inverter-based resources (IBRs) like solar and wind. This paper examines stability issues in renewable-dominated grids, focusing on voltage and transient stability. A test system based on real-world renewable energy complexes is used to assess the impact of IBR penetration under various contingencies. Simulations reveal that grid-following (GFL) inverters struggle in low short-circuit ratio (SCR) systems, causing voltage dips, delayed active power recovery, and post-disturbance oscillations. In contrast, grid-forming (GFM) inverters improve system response, mitigating voltage instability and enhancing reactive power support. The study highlights the critical role of GFM deployment in enhancing grid resilience, providing key insights for operators and planners to manage renewable integration more effectively.