Load Frequency Control of Multi-Area Power System using Arctic Puffin Optimization

In this study, the authors proposed a realistic model of an interconnected power system to investigate the problem of designing dynamic controllers for load frequency control (LFC). Optimising the PID gain in a two-area network is the goal of the recently released Arctic Puffin Optimisation Algorithm (APO). By setting Integral Time Absolute Error (ITAE) as the goal function, the LFC problem is recast as an optimisation problem. Parametric changes to the generator and turbine time constants demonstrate the resilience of the proposed controller. The convergence curve proves that the algorithm is successful, and the time response analysis shows how well the controller is working.