Recent Advances in Energy Storage Systems for Maximizing Renewable Integration in Smart Grid

To address climatic change and reduce carbon emissions, the usage of non-conventional resources like solar and wind, are rapidly increasing every day. Depend on the irregularity of the nature, there are some challenges in Electrical grids, for maintaining supply consistency and balancing the grid stability. To overcome the challenges, power storage systems (PSS) play an important role due to the preserve extra energy generated during their peak time of low demand and deliver it when the power supply demand is high. This capability maintains grid flexibility by providing a reliable energy supply. Recent advancements in PSS technologies, including battery storage systems, flywheel batteries, supercapacitors, hydrogen storage, and hybrid energy storage systems (HESS), aim to improve essential Qualities like energy capacity, efficiency, scalability, and cost-effectiveness, making these systems more available for extensive implementation. The AI and ML applications used for present energy management allow flexibility in power grid operations. Additionally, hydrogen storage combined with fuel cells is emerging as a promising long-term solution. To manage seasonal variations energy backup systems, play a crucial role by preserving extra energy during the time of peak generation and delivering it when the power generation is less in renewable energy. Moreover, an innovative approach for energy optimization in the smart grids by integrating electric vehicles (EVs) used as mobile energy buffers and to enhance overall grid flexibility, when non-conventional power production is less. EVs will store energy and supply it back to the network during peak time and two-way operating through the power from grid to vehicle. This review highlights the essential roles, of ESS and EVs in smoothing the development of low-carbon, sustainable energy systems, particularly smart grids designed to maximize renewable energy combinations while assuring grid stability.