Marine Microgrid Frequency Regulation: Utilizing Diverse Power Generation and Enhanced Nonlinear Control Strategies with Energy Storage Integration

This paper describes an independent marine microgrid using RESs for improving load stability and frequency. The Tidal Power Generators, Wind Turbine Generators, Photovoltaic, and Archimedes Wave Energy Conversion are used in the sources of energy while controlled generation units such as MHTG and Biodiesel Engine Generators are used by the microgrid. To counter both generation and load imbalances, the research utilizes energy storage systems, which further enhance microgrid flexibility. These include fuel cells, ultracapacitors, flywheel energy storage systems, and battery energy storage systems. A fractional-order proportional-integral-derivative (FOPID) controller is used to cope with load frequency control as well as grid stability with efficiency in different load fluctuation scenarios. The paper discusses the optimization of FOPID controller parameters using Heap-Based Optimization (HBO), Coati Optimization, Artificial Rabbit Optimization, and the Chimpanzee Optimization Algorithm. The proposed HBO algorithm resulted in better simulation results compared to the other algorithms. This approach makes possible the future implementation of microgrids characterized by enhanced operational efficiency, reliability, stability, and extensive use of renewable energy.