Tunable formation of cold atomic clouds via dynamic detuning in the launch of ¹³³Cs atoms

Abstract The ballistic launch of cold atoms is crucial to a range of advanced investigations, serving as a highly precise source for timekeeping, gravimetry, and fundamental studies in quantum technologies. A detailed understanding of atomic dynamics during these launches is essential for furthering research in these fields. In this study, we investigate the ballistic launch of cold 133 Cs atoms and observe a remarkable behavior in the launched atomic cloud. Following the launch, an abrupt change in frequency detuning caused the cold atomic cloud to segment into two parts with distinct velocities. Our work details and characterizes the effect of segmentation on the thermal and velocity properties of the atomic cloud. This non-adiabatic segmentation phenomenon has significant implications for improving the precision of quantum devices that rely on the precise control of free-flying atomic clouds.