Optimization of Landscape Path and Facility Layout in Public Environment Design Based on Ant Colony Algorithm

As a key component of urban environmental resources, the design of landscape paths and facility layouts of urban public environments is not only related to the overall aesthetics of the city, but also to the quality of life of urban residents.In this paper, from the perspective of landscape layout, the ecological landscape spatial network is constructed by calculating the ecological landscape environmental adaptation degree and the ecological landscape pattern index.On this basis, the traditional ant colony algorithm is introduced and its heuristic function and path selection are improved, and the adaptive adjustment factor and angle guiding factor are added to improve the diversity and efficiency of path searching, so that the landscape layout optimization model based on the ant colony algorithm is obtained.Using this model to design a landscape layout optimization scheme for a scenic spot, the average fulfillment time of the optimized landscape path is 20.73 minutes, which is 19.52 minutes shorter than the average fulfillment time of the original planning scheme, indicating that the model in this paper is able to carry out the landscape layout optimization design effectively.