Clinical and surgical outcome of hemi thyroidectomy in low-risk papillary carcinoma thyroid

Background: Hemi thyroidectomy involves removing one lobe of the thyroid gland and is often considered for patients with low-risk papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. The surgical outcome generally includes a reduced risk of complications and a shorter recovery time comparing total thyroidectomy. This study aimed to assess the clinical and surgical outcomes of hemi thyroidectomy in individuals with low-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of ENT & Head Neck Surgery, Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Dhaka Cantonment, Dhaka, Bangladesh from 26 March 2021 to 21 July 2023. In this study, 67 patients with low-risk papillary carcinoma of the thyroid (PCT) who had undergone hemi-thyroidectomy were purposively selected. The preoperative ultrasound, FNAC and post-thyroidectomy histopathology report for all participants were documented. The data were processed & analyzed. Results: Female patients contributed the majority at 67.2%, and 52% belonged to 31-40 yeas age group. Clinical outcomes showed that 93% of patients achieved symptom relief, while 88% were surgically cured, with a 12% recurrence rate. Complications included transient recurrent laryngeal nerve issues in 3%, permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve problems in 1.5%, transient hypothyroidism in 3%, permanent hypothyroidism in 1.5%, and hematoma in 1.5%. Conclusion: Females are predominantly prone to low-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma. Both clinical and surgical outcomes of hemi thyroidectomy for this condition are satisfactory, making it an effective and safe treatment method.