Calcification of ureteral stents: a determinant factor in renal function deterioration in patients with urolithiasis

Background: Ureteral stents play a crucial role in managing urinary tract obstructions, significantly advancing urological care. However, complications such as stent calcification present significant challenges. Methods: This retrospective case-control study included 72 patients with ureteral stents placed for urolithiasis between 2020 and 2023. Patients were divided into two groups: calcified stents (n=36) and non-calcified stents (n=36). Data on demographics, comorbidities, stent duration, and renal function parameters were collected. Statistical analyses included Mann-Whitney, Fisher, and Chi-squared tests, with odds ratios (OR) calculated for associations (p<0.05). Ethical approval was obtained from the hospital’s ethics committee.Results: Calcified stents were strongly associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) (OR=2.667, 95% CI: 1.093–6.507) and renal function deterioration (OR=2.200, 95% CI: 0.804–6.018). Prolonged stent durations (>3 months) significantly increased calcification risk (OR=4.375, 95% CI: 2.322–8.243), while durations <3 months were protective (OR=0.156, 95% CI: 0.062–0.396). CKD prevalence was significantly higher in the calcified group (38.9%) compared to controls (11.1%) (p=0.006). Conclusions: Stent calcification is associated with CKD and renal function decline. Timely removal (<3 months) is critical. Further research with larger cohorts is necessary to confirm these findings and guide preventive strategies.