Operationalizing the pluriverse: tools for a new paradigm in global development

Development has cycled through many paradigms, each accompanied by a body of theory that informs action. However, the post-development paradigm lacks a coherent relationship to theory. In this paper, we attempt to provide one. The concepts of ‘exogenous’ and ‘endogenous’ theory are introduced, where the former are borrowed from other disciplines while the latter are developed in each instance from development practice. The consequences of using each type of theory are considered, with the conclusion that endogenous theory is most consistent with the post-development paradigm. Methodologies for producing endogenous theories are discussed, including guidelines for the production and use of theory that is consistent with the insights of post-development thinkers.