Emission simulation using direct thermal extraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry: Case study with curing of lignin-based binder

The transition towards using green construction materials represents a significant shift in the industry, aimed at reducing environmental impact and enhancing sustainability. A specific example of this is the development of lignin-based binders to produce insulation materials. Understanding and analyzing the process emission of novel binders can be crucial for sustainable production and legislative compliance. In this study a cost-effective and time-efficient laboratory method was developed to simulate emissions from the mineral wool curing process using direct thermal extraction gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Factors affecting the emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC), such as flow, residence time, and the atmosphere (air or He) during the thermal desorption step, were investigated to identify the dominant factor influencing the chemical composition of emissions and to better replicate industrial processes. A laboratory method for binder impregnation was also developed to mimic factory-produced materials. Results showed that only the atmosphere significantly affects the chemical composition of emissions. The most abundant compounds in emissions were glycols, followed by aliphatic ketones, aldehydes (from mineral oil oxidation), and phenolic species (from lignin degradation). The VOC emissions from laboratory simulations closely matched those from industrial tests, particularly in an air atmosphere. This study establishes a method to evaluate the chemical composition of VOC emissions of novel lignin-based binders, facilitating a thorough analysis of their environmental effects.