Integrating design for disassembly in hybrid building structures: a case study of an administrative building

This study details the conversion of a conventionally designed administrative building into one guided by Design for Disassembly (DfD) principles. The building, featuring a hybrid timber-steel–concrete structure, is assessed for its disassembly potential using a refined DfD scoring system that expands upon existing ratings. This enhanced system introduces additional indicators such as the development of disassembly drawings and specifications and disassembly sequencing information, ensuring a more comprehensive evaluation of DfD potential. Two design alternatives are proposed to improve the building’s DfD capacity: Alternative A, which increases design loads to achieve higher flexibility, and Alternative B, which maintains baseline loads. Analysis shows that applying DfD principles significantly improves the disassembly potential of the conventional design. Alternative A shows a 79 % improvement, while Alternative B achieves a 66 % increase compared to the original design. The economic analysis indicates a moderate cost increase, with Alternative A resulting in a 22 % rise in the structural budget and Alternative B a 9 % increase. These increases are primarily due to the inclusion of precast components and, in Alternative A, the higher design loads. From an environmental perspective, both alternatives show substantial reductions in CO 2 equivalent emissions compared to the conventional design. Alternative A achieves a 39 % reduction, while Alternative B results in a 27 % decrease. These reductions are primarily due to the efficient use of precast materials and the carbon sequestration properties of timber. These findings underscore the environmental benefits of integrating DfD principles into structural design, demonstrating both their feasibility and advantages. The results provide valuable insights for policymakers and industry professionals, supporting the development of regulations and incentives to promote sustainable construction practices. Futhermore, this study encourages the adoption of DfD strategies, which can lead to cost savings and reduced carbon footprints in future projects.