Blockchain-based predictive framework for security authentication in 5G ultra-dense networks

In response to the issue of low authentication efficiency caused by frequent user equipment (UE) mobility in 5G ultra-dense networks (UDNs) environments, a blockchain-based innovative security authentication scheme is proposed. The core of this scheme is the APG-PBFT (Access Point Grouping-Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance) algorithm, which incorporates predictive authentication mechanisms and efficient APG grouping strategies. A key innovation of this algorithm lies in its ability to predict candidate APs based on UE movement information, perform authentication in advance, and generate pre-APG nodes. This significantly reduces authentication latency during UE mobility. Furthermore, the scheme enhances the security and efficiency of APG formation by implementing mechanisms to quickly eliminate illegal or fake APs, addressing multi-user and multi-APG grouping scenarios. Through its sophisticated design, the scheme effectively improves authentication efficiency and security in UDN environments, providing a novel solution for rapid and secure terminal access in 5G networks. Finally, a comprehensive performance analysis of the APG-PBFT algorithm was conducted and compared with traditional PBFT algorithms. Simulation results demonstrate that the APG-PBFT algorithm significantly improves APG generation efficiency, reduces UE authentication frequency, and shows considerable application value in UDN environments.