Prevalence and Distribution of Hyalomma (Parasitiformes): Ixodidae) Ticks Infesting Buffaloes in District Tando Allahyar, Sindh, Pakistan

Ticks are hematophagous ectoparasites that cause significant economic losses to livestock industries by reducing productivity and transmitting various pathogens. The present study was conducted from December 2018 to December 2019 to evaluate the prevalence and distribution of tick infestation in buffaloes in five localities of Tando Allahyar, Sindh, Pakistan. A total of 1860 buffaloes were examined across different seasons. Tick specimens were collected, preserved in alcohol, and identified morphologically under a dissecting microscope. The overall prevalence rate was found to be 50% (927/1860). Four species from the genus Hyalomma were identified: Hyalomma anatolicum (31%), H. excavatum (19%), H. scupense (15%), and H. truncatum (12%). Tick infestation was highest during the warmer months from April to October (6289 ticks) and decreased significantly during colder months. Younger buffaloes (3–6 months) were more prone to tick infestation (33%) than older animals (17%). The results suggest that tick prevalence is significantly influenced by climatic conditions and host age. These findings highlight the need for targeted control strategies, particularly during the warmer months, to reduce the impact of tick infestation in buffaloes.