Risk Factors, Presentation, Diagnosis, and Treatment of C. difficile Infection in the Older Adult

Abstract Purpose of Review Clostridioides difficile is increasingly recognized as a leading cause of healthcare- and community-associated diarrhea that disproportionately affects the older adult population (adults aged 65 years and older). Given the significant morbidity, mortality, and financial burden associated with this infection, it is important to understand the nuances of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in the aging population. Recent Findings In this review, we find that in addition to long-recognized risk factors for CDI, immunosenescence and decreased functional status are associated with CDI in the aging population. We review the clinical presentation and diagnosis of CDI, and outline current pharmacologic and biologic therapeutic managements as they pertain to the older adult population. Summary Given that C. difficile disproportionately affects the older adult population, there is considerable interest in understanding the risk factors, diagnosis, and management in this vulnerable population. Further efforts and research are required on the parts of healthcare providers and public health agencies to decrease the burden of CDI in the aging population.