Managing Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Diabetic Macular Edema: A Comprehensive Update for Clinical Pharmacists

The prevalence of both Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) and Diabetic Macular Edema (DME), are notably high, given the significant morbidity they generate and the burden placed on healthcare systems globally. Advancements in the treatment of these diseases are evident with anti-VEGF therapies, sustained-release implants as well as novel treatments which target the complement system and gene therapy. Pharmacists play a crucial role in this changing environment, by educating and counsel patients; promoting adherence to complex treatment regimens; delivering targeted care to optimize outcomes. They assist in side effects monitoring, overseeing medication regimens, and working with ophthalmologists as well as other health care providers to improve treatment efficacy of patients. New treatments for DME continue to advance and early trials of wet and or dry AMD therapies emerges, so it is vital that pharmacists have an updated understanding in order to provide support based on evidence-based knowledge which will help the overall care plan. Pharmacists who become more involved in patient care can improve treatment outcomes, protect vision and enhance the quality of life for a significant proportion of people with these chronic eye diseases.