Assessment of the relationship between particulate matter level and respiratory diseases in dogs and cats in Bangkok, Thailand

Particulate matter (PM) 2.5 has become a serious pollution concern in many countries, including Thailand. Due to its small particle size, PM2.5 can penetrate deep into pulmonary tissues, posing health risks to humans. Furthermore, it is hypothesized that PM2.5 may also cause respiratory diseases in dogs and cats. This study aimed to evaluate a relationship between PM2.5 levels and the number of dogs and cats visiting due to respiratory problems in Bangkok, Thailand, and to investigate potential environmental factors that may contribute to these health outcomes. A total of 184 dogs and 73 cats were included in the study. Medical records of dogs and cats with respiratory issues from the Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand, were analyzed, along with data collected from questionnaires and PM2.5 values in Bangkok from October 1, 2021 to March 31, 2023. The study found no statistically significant correlation between average PM2.5 levels in Bangkok and the number of veterinary visits for dogs (p=.057) or cats (p=.126). The study also provided descriptive data on dogs and cats with respiratory disease, including animal characteristics, household environments, types of respiratory diseases, and exposure to risk factors. This study will raise awareness among pet owners about managing dogs and cats.