Brucellosis: An overlooked cause of pyrexia of unknown origin in a child

Paediatric brucellosis can be asymptomatic or present as an acute, persistent febrile illness. Limited literature on this disease in the paediatric population often leads to delayed diagnoses or undiagnosed cases. A previously healthy 10-year-old boy presented with a 2-month history of fever and a weight loss of 2 kg. On examination, hepatosplenomegaly was noted. His haemogram showed anaemia and leucopenia. Blood culture identified Brucella melitensis , which was sensitive to doxycycline and rifampicin. The Brucella agglutination test further confirmed the diagnosis. He was successfully treated with oral doxycycline and rifampicin. This case highlights the importance of considering brucellosis in the differential diagnosis of children with pyrexia of unknown origin.