Mie-Rayleigh-Raman-Doppler lidar system designed for multiple atmospheric parameter measurements in the troposphere and lower stratosphere at Haikou (19.9°N, 110.3°E)

In this study, a Mie-Rayleigh-Raman-Doppler lidar system featuring dual-wavelength (1064/532 nm) emission and 5-channel (1064, 532, 607, and 660 nm) reception was developed by employing various techniques, including seed injection narrowband pulse laser emission, frequency stabilization and discrimination, high-sensitivity photon counting, and precise wavelength separation. Lidar-received atmospheric Mie-Rayleigh scattering signals (@1064 nm, 532 nm) and Raman scattering signals (@607 nm, 660 nm) were precisely separated and extracted with a designed polychromator. The frequency stabilization/discrimination techniques with iodine molecular spectroscopy were utilized to identify the Doppler shift, and the winds in three different directions were successively detected by adopting a synchronization design of laser transmitting and backscattered signal receiving. High-precision synchronous measurements of the atmospheric temperature, wind fields, water vapor, and aerosols in the troposphere and lower stratosphere (0-22 km) over Haikou (19.9°N, 110.3°E) were preliminarily achieved using the lidar system. Comparison results with the radiosonde measurements showed that the developed comprehensive detection lidar system is capable of monitoring changes in the marine spatial environment at low latitudes.