Article review: The Intersection of Immunohistochemistry and Veterinary Histopathology in Disease Diagnosis

Both the fields of immunohistochemistry and veterinary histopathology are critical for diagnosis during disease management. Immunohistochemistry localizes antigens within cytological tissues, ensuring high-resolution imaging and mapping. Put simply, veterinary histopathology provides information about the disease, while immunohistochemistry provides information about antigens to supplement veterinary histopathology data. Since the externally observable gross or microscopic lesions often do not yield the exact cause of the disease, immunohistochemistry can be used to identify antigens or organisms in large body fluid or tissue samples to help diagnosis, become a valuable adjunct to the diagnosis of sentinels, and has great potential for diagnostic purposes. In recent years, the status of fungi, viruses, mycoplasma, and protozoa parasitic infections has been revisited. This review covers all developments in advanced staining up to the multiplexed fluorescent IHC system, as well as different platforms (tissue or cell microarray and digital).