Fostering Health and Empowerment: Role of NGOs in Strengthening Mahila Arogya Samities (MAS) under NUHM in Kolkata Metropolitan City of West Bengal

Mahila Arogya Samities (MAS) are grassroots women’s collectives that act as catalysts for community-led action on critical issues such as health, nutrition, water, sanitation, and the broader social determinants of health within urban slums. Envisioned as key instruments for local-level engagement, MAS promote decentralised health planning and contribute to the overarching goal of "Health for All". These women's groups empower communities to advocate for their rights to essential services—including food, clean water, employment, recreation, and primary healthcare. MAS play a crucial role in bridging the gap between health policy and implementation, particularly among underserved and vulnerable populations. As part of the National Health Mission (NHM), MAS align with the vision of strengthening health systems through community participation. For these groups to thrive and generate meaningful outcomes, dynamic collaboration with the wider community is essential. In this regard, NGOs serve as vital partners, offering technical support, facilitating ASHA training, and enhancing local ownership and skill development. Their involvement can significantly bolster MAS activities under the National Urban Health Mission (NUHM). To strengthen the role of NGOs in supporting MAS, clear selection criteria and well-defined responsibilities should be established by city and district health authorities. NGOs may be designated specific zones to lead MAS and ASHA selection, training, and advocacy—particularly in areas where government systems are still evolving. These NGO-led initiatives must be fully integrated into the urban health system to ensure sustainability and contribute to broader public health outcomes. Ultimately, MAS represent a transformative platform for community-driven change and serve as a cornerstone of inclusive, participatory urban health planning.