Systematic Review: The Effect of Macronutrient Levels on the Flowering Development of the Rosacea Family

This systematic review examines the influence of macronutrients—nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K)—on the flowering development of the Rosaceae family. Macronutrients play a crucial role in plant growth, affecting physiological processes such as chlorophyll production, root development, and stress tolerance. Despite numerous studies on individual macronutrients, a comprehensive evaluation of their combined effects on flowering remains limited. This review follows the PRISMA guidelines, analyzing peer-reviewed literature published between 2000 and 2024. Findings indicate that nitrogen promotes vegetative growth and bud formation, phosphorus enhances root and flower development, and potassium improves flower quality and longevity. Optimal NPK ratios significantly impact flower diameter, weight, and stalk length. Additionally, micronutrient supplementation further enhances nutrient absorption and flowering outcomes. The review highlights the need for further research on species-specific macronutrient interactions to improve fertilizer management in Rosaceae cultivation.