Temporal–Spatial Synergistic Restructuring of Eco-Economic Value in Xinjiang Oasis from Multi-Objective Optimization Perspective

To address the challenges of ecological degradation and economic imbalance in arid zone development, this study took the oasis region of Xinjiang as the research object. A multi-objective optimization model was constructed based on the ecosystem service value (ESV) and economic value (ECV), and the NSGA-III was employed to optimize the land use structure under water resource constraints. The findings indicate the following: (1) from 1990 to 2020, economic benefits increased fivefold, whereas the ecosystem service value declined by 6.7%, showing a clear divergence; (2) the overall regional coordination deteriorated, with economic expansion significantly encroaching upon ecological space in certain areas; (3) under the optimization scenario, the balanced development strategy increased economic benefits by 12.3%, enhanced the ecological value by 8.6%, and improved coordination by 15.4%, demonstrating that optimizing land allocation can synergistically enhance both economic and ecological benefits while ensuring the rational use of water resources and ecological security. This study not only reveals the squeezing effect of economic expansion on ecological functions but also provides scientific decision-making support for the sustainable development of arid oasis regions under resource constraints, holding significant theoretical and practical implications.