Ameliorative effects of aqueous extract of fermented unripe <i>Musa paradisiaca</i> pulp on alcohol-induced gastric and duodenal ulcers in adult male Wistar rats

Background and aim: Alcohol consumption is widespread and associated with numerous diseases, including gastrointestinal tract (GIT) disorders. Among these, gastric and duodenal ulcers are prevalent, with ethanol being a significant contributing factor. Given the side effects of many antiulcer drugs, there is a growing interest in natural remedies, such as plantains (Musa paradisiaca), which have shown potential antiulcer properties. This study aimed to investigate the ameliorative effects of aqueous extract of fermented unripe M. paradisiaca pulp on alcohol-induced gastric and duodenal ulcers in adult male Wistar rats. Methodology: Twenty male Wistar rats weighing 180–220g were divided into five groups. Group A served as the negative control, while Group B was the positive control receiving 1 mL/100 g body weight of 100% ethanol only. Groups C, D, and E received ethanol followed by 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, and 750 mg/kg body weight of aqueous extract of fermented M. paradisiaca pulp, respectively. Gastric and duodenal pH levels, ulcer index, and histopathological changes were assessed. Results: The study showed a dose-dependent increase in gastric pH levels in treated groups compared to controls. The ulcer index significantly decreased in groups treated with M. paradisiaca extract. Histopathological examination revealed reduced ulceration and inflammatory cell infiltration in the treatment groups, with Group E exhibiting the most considerable curative effects. Conclusion: The findings suggest that M. paradisiaca extracts have an ameliorative effect against ethanol-induced gastric and duodenal ulcers. These highlight the antiulcer potential of M. paradisiaca and suggest its utility as a natural therapeutic option for peptic ulcer treatment.