Digital and artificial intelligence-assisted cephalometric training effectively enhanced students’ landmarking accuracy in preclinical orthodontic education

Digital cephalometric training effectively enhances students' landmarking accuracy in preclinical orthodontic education. AI-assisted cephalometry has the potential to minimize performance disparities among students with varying levels of clinical experience. Owing to the real-time feedback and self-directed learning features of digital tools, these technologies serve as valuable supplements to instructor-led training, potentially reducing educators' workload and accelerating skill acquisition in novice orthodontic students. However, these preliminary findings require further multicenter validation and long-term educational assessments while also considering the ethical implications of these technologies.