Cortical neurodynamics of the human brain during the perception of Ukrainian and Japanese visual artworks

Neuroaesthetics is currently seen as a promising branch of cognitive science, which can reveal the brain mechanisms of ae s thetic experience processing and provide important tools for novel neurorehabilitation techniques. Such findings have become immensely important nowadays, as they can be seen as prospective powerful tools in developing novel therapeutic approaches. The study is dedicated to revealing the cortical neurodynamics during the perception of visual artworks originating from countries with completely different cultural traditions in the fine arts, namely Ukraine and Japan. In order to reach the aim, EEG data were recorded during the presentation of Ukrainian and Japanese paintings to a Ukrainian audience, with further analysis performed using power spectrum density (PSD) and phase transfer entropy (PTE). The analysis showed activation related to the default perception of visual stimuli during perceptio n of Ukrainian painting s . The study focused primarily on alpha and beta oscillatory bands, showing different activation patterns related to attention, cognitive activity, and self-focused attention. As a result, the perception of Japanese art was linked to more cortical generalized connectivity, which was particularly apparent in high-frequency activity ranges and may be related to enhanced associative search and cognitive control. Memory mechanisms, visual reactions, and response reactions to salient/familiar targets in the TPJ (temporal-parietal junction) and TPO (temporal-parietal-occipital region) zones were observed to be activated by Ukrainian paintings. Overall, the pieces of Japanese art enhanced coh e rent connectivity in the cortex, suggesting increased cognitive control, while viewing Ukrainian art induced mainly memory-related and visual system responses. These findings could be valuable for designing rehabilitation programs tailored to individual cognitive needs. This study not only highlights the specific mechanisms underlying the aesthetic experience but a lso demo n strates the culture-dependent differences in visual stimuli processing.