Sustainable leather biocoloration using binary extract of plant wastes

The global attraction toward eco-friendly products, such as plant-based dyes, is rising due to their multiple benefits in alignment with green chemistry principles. This study has isolated the colorants from henna (Lawsonia inermis) and jujube (Ziziphus jujuba) leaves as a binary mixture using ultrasonic irradiation and biomordants to enhance colorfastness. Crust leather was dyed with a binary mixture of natural dyes isolated from henna and jujube leaves. Employing response surface methodology, where dyeing variables were selected through central composite design, was chosen through, and results were assessed through two-way analysis of variance. Results reveal that optimal color depth (K/S = 2.1509) was achieved with ultrasonic-treated leather stuff (40 min exposure) using 30 ml of irradiated aqueous extract (40 min) of 7 pH having 1.5 g/100 ml of sodium chloride as a leveling agent at 40°C for 30 min. After and before dyeing, biomordants from walnut, myrobalan, red sumac, and pomegranate at selected amounts have enhanced colorfastness ratings with high color yield onto the leather. It is concluded that ultrasonic technology for isolating dye and biomordant efficacy in sustainable dyeing processes for leather should be used to reduce effluent load and recycle plant waste as a binary coloring source.