Study of green-synthesized Ag–Ca–kaolin composite for hemostatic and antibacterial effect

This research introduces a novel kaolin-based composite enriched with calcium and green-synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) to achieve enhanced hemostatic and antibacterial properties, addressing limitations of current agents. The composite’s synthesis utilized an eco-friendly approach, incorporating calcium for improved hemostasis and Ag NPs for broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Detailed characterization using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray confirmed the successful integration of components and their distribution within the kaolin matrix. Hemostatic efficacy was evaluated through blood clotting time analysis, revealing a 112-s clotting time with 1% Ag loading, which varied with Ag concentration. Antibacterial performance, assessed against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus using the well diffusion method, demonstrated increasing inhibition zones with higher Ag content, peaking at 17.8 ± 1.4 mm with 5% Ag. These findings establish the potential of this composite as an effective blood-clotting agent with potent antibacterial properties, offering a promising solution for traumatic hemorrhage control in diverse medical applications, including battlefield trauma care and surgical procedures.