Confinement of relativistic particles in the vicinity of accelerators: A key for understanding the anomalies in secondary cosmic rays

Recent cosmic-ray (CR) measurements have revealed unexpected anomalies in secondary CRs, namely deviations from the predictions of the so-called standard Galactic CR paradigm regarding the composition and energy spectra of the products of interactions of primary (accelerated) CRs with interstellar gas: (i) antiparticles (positrons and antiprotons), (ii) light elements of the (Li, Be, B) group, and (iii) diffuse $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays. We argue that the new measurements can still be explained within the standard CR paradigm but with an additional assumption that CRs spend a significant part of their lifetime near their formation sites. The latter can be realized if CRs propagate more slowly in these localized regions than in the interstellar medium. Postulating that CRs accumulate on average energy-independent ``grammage'' of $0.7\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{g}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ near the major contributors to Galactic CRs, one can explain self-consistently the new measurements of the boron to carbon ratio by DAMPE and the diffuse ultrahigh-energy $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays by LHAASO, involving a minimal number of model parameters: the energy-dependent grammage in the interstellar medium $\ensuremath{\lambda}\ensuremath{\approx}8(\mathrm{E}/10\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}{)}^{\ensuremath{-}0.55}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{g}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ and the average CR acceleration (source) spectrum $\mathit{Q}(\mathit{E})\ensuremath{\propto}{\mathrm{E}}^{\ensuremath{-}2.3}$.