Reconfiguration of an Electrical Substation Based on Load Flow Analysis

A reliable and high-quality power supply is essential for promoting economic growth and improving socioeconomic conditions within a country. However, maintaining power quality is challenging due to bus voltage fluctuations caused by changing loads over time. These voltage fluctuations can be addressed by properly designing and installing substations. Modeling a distribution substation allows for the analysis of various aspects such as voltage magnitude, phase angle, active and reactive power flow, as well as system losses can be analyzed. This study uses Electrical Transients Analysis Program (ETAP) software, known for its accuracy in Load Flow Analysis (LFA), to examine the load flow dynamics of a 33/0.4 kV substation. The study employed the adaptive Newton-Raphson technique, which was applied in real time using actual manufacturer data. The research has two main objectives. First, it optimizes voltage control to ensure a reliable power supply. Also, to upgrade transformers and integrate a capacitor bank to improve the network's power factor. This approach enhances the voltage profile, reduces power losses, and minimizes input current. Consequently, it contributes to a more efficient power system. The results showed that upgrading transformers and integrating capacitor banks improve voltage profiles, reduce power losses, and alleviate transformer overloads.