Napoleon Bonaparte—A Possible Case of Trench Fever

In 1789, Napoleon Bonaparte reported having a recurrent febrile illness that initially subsided for 4 days and then had multiple relapses of similar duration. A speculative diagnosis of trench fever would be supported by poor hygiene conditions, prolonged exposure to cold, and the presence of lice in Napoleon's barracks environment.

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Publication Details

Journal
Emerging infectious diseases
Published
2025-04-24
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3105.240970
Primary Topic
Bartonella species infections research
Type
article
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0.00
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article

Napoleon Bonaparte—A Possible Case of Trench Fever

Éric Faure
Emerging infectious diseases
Bartonella species infections research
article

Napoleon Bonaparte—A Possible Case of Trench Fever

Éric Faure
article en

Abstract

In 1789, Napoleon Bonaparte reported having a recurrent febrile illness that initially subsided for 4 days and then had multiple relapses of similar duration. A speculative diagnosis of trench fever would be supported by poor hygiene conditions, prolonged exposure to cold, and the presence of lice in Napoleon's barracks environment.

Emerging infectious diseasesVol. 31(5)
Openalex Percentile: Top 91%
Bartonella species infections research
DOIOpen Access PDFOpenAlex
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Napoleon Bonaparte—A Possible Case of Trench Fever — Éric Faure · Emerging infectious diseases (2025) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS