The effect of different whitening mouthwashes and simulated tooth brushing on surface roughness and microhardness of nanohybrid resin composite: an in vitro study

Activated charcoal-containing whitening mouthwashes significantly increased surface roughness, particularly under brushing conditions, indicating a synergistic effect of chemical and mechanical wear. Microhardness values remained stable, suggesting the preservation of the internal structure. These findings highlight the need for cautious recommendation of charcoal-based mouthwashes for patients with resin restorations due to potential surface degradation risks.