Immunothrombolytic monocyte-neutrophil axes dominate the single-cell landscape of human thrombosis and correlate with thrombus resolution
Thrombotic diseases remain the major cause of death and disability worldwide, and the contribution of inflammation is increasingly recognized. Thromboinflammation has been identified as a key pathomechanism, but an unsupervised map of immune-cell states, trajectories, and intercommunication at a single-cell level has been lacking. Here, we reveal innate leukocyte substates with prominent thrombolytic properties by employing single-cell omics measures on human stroke thrombi. Using in vivo and in vitro thrombosis models, we propose a pro-resolving monocyte-neutrophil axis, combining two properties: (1) NR4A1<sup>hi</sup> non-classical monocytes acquire a thrombolytic and neutrophil-chemoattractive phenotype, and (2) blood neutrophils are thereby continuously recruited to established thrombi through CXCL8-CXCR1 and CXCR2 and adopt a hypoxia-induced thrombus-resolving urokinase receptor (PLAUR)<sup>+</sup> phenotype. This immunothrombolytic axis results in thrombus resolution. Together, with this immune landscape of thrombosis, we provide a valuable resource and introduce the concept of "immunothrombolysis" with broad mechanistic and translational implications at the crossroad of inflammation and thrombosis.
Authors
- Steffen Maßberg (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7387-3986)
- Joachim Fandrey (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9585-0531)
- Wolfgang Enard (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4056-0550)
- Larissa Belz
- Franziska Wendler
- Tonina T. Mueller (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3123-3064)
- Rainer Kaiser (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1750-3395)
- L LI
- Augustin Droste zu Senden
- Sophia Brambs
- Heiko Schulz
- Steffen Tiedt (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8817-8457)
- Badr Kilani (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0230-094X)
- Alexander Leunig (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9179-9203)
- Luke Eivers (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6049-0377)
- Aleksandar Janjic (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7180-5381)
- Moritz Roman Hernández Petzsche (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4288-3863)
- Konstantin Stark (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5369-8399)
- Bernd Engelmann
- Sandra Winning (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3788-1054)
- Markus Joppich (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6665-8951)
- Anastassia Akhalkatsi
- Viktoria Knottenberg
- Martin Dichgans (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0654-387X)
- Tobias Boeckh‐Behrens (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0266-8947)
- Christoph Gold (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8994-1021)
- Thomas Liebig (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5640-7780)
- Kami Pekayvaz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4040-650X)
- Ralf Zimmer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1439-2327)
- Leo Nicolai (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0776-5885)
- Vivien Polewka
- Anna Titova (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7412-7447)
- Sven Stockhausen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6555-6622)
- Sezer Akgöl (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3154-3214)
- Michael Voelkl (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0936-548X)
- Alejandro Martinez-Navarro (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3893-1719)
- Nina Meißner
- Keyang Yue
- Simon Millonig
- Lea Hartelt
Institutions
- TUM Klinikum (DE)
- LMU Klinikum (DE)
- University of Duisburg-Essen (DE)
- Technical University of Munich (DE)
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (DE)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Immunity
- Published
- 2025-04-24
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2025.03.020
- Citations
- 14
- Primary Topic
- Neutrophil, Myeloperoxidase and Oxidative Mechanisms
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 11.16
Funders
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Deutsche Herzstiftung
- H2020 European Research Council