Multi-Scale Regularization and Bounding Box Refinement in Semi-Supervised Object Detection Framework

Semi-supervised object detection (SSOD) has emerged as a critical approach to bridge the gap between the extensive labeled data requirements of supervised methods and the abundance of unlabeled data available. However, existing SSOD techniques often suffer from two significant limitations: inconsistent performance across scales and inaccuracies in object localization. To address these challenges, this paper introduces a novel framework that integrates Multi-Scale Regularization (MSR) and Bounding Box Refinement (BBR). The proposed MSR mechanism enforces consistency in predictions across different feature map scales, ensuring robust pseudo-labeling and mitigating scale-related variations. Simultaneously, BBR employs a two-stage optimization process to enhance the precision of bounding box predictions, correcting spatial errors in initial detections. The combined framework leverages both labeled and unlabeled datasets effectively, resulting in improved detection performance. Extensive experiments conducted on benchmark datasets such as COCO and Pascal VOC demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach, showing significant improvements in mean Average Precision (mAP) compared to existing state-of-the-art SSOD methods. Ablation studies further highlight the individual contributions of MSR and BBR to the overall performance gains. This study establishes a new benchmark in SSOD, paving the way for more accurate and efficient object detection systems that rely on minimal labeled data while leveraging abundant unlabeled data.