Design and Optimization of Leaf-Inspired Antenna for Enhanced Sub-6 GHz 5G Performance

The rapid evolution of 5G technology demands innovative antenna solutions to meet high-frequency, wideband requirements. This paper proposes two nature-inspired, leaf-shaped antenna designs optimized for sub-6 GHz 5G applications. Utilizing biomimetic principles, the designs achieve compactness, dual-band functionality, and high radiation efficiency. The first design demonstrates a single resonant frequency at 4 GHz, with a return loss of -61.43 dB, a near-ideal VSWR of 1.0017, and narrowband performance. The second design supports dual-band operation with resonances at 2.8 GHz and 5.2 GHz, achieving return losses of -30 dB and -25 dB, respectively, and VSWR values of 1.1 and 1.5. Performance evaluations conducted using CST Studio Suite confirm broad bandwidth (2.5 GHz to 5.5 GHz) and enhanced radiation efficiency. These attributes make the proposed designs ideal for next-generation wireless communication systems, with the second design offering superior adaptability for diverse 5G applications.