Analysis of Feed Network Efficiency in Time-Modulated Elliptical Antenna Array for 5G and 6G Communication Systems

This paper introduces a novel design strategy for a 20-element Time-Modulated Asymmetric Elliptical Antenna Array (ATMEAA) aimed at optimizing far-field radiation patterns for 5G and 6G communication systems. The design focuses on minimizing interference by reducing sidelobe levels (SLLs) and sideband levels (SBLs), both of which are critical for enhancing signal quality in high-frequency communication environments. To achieve ultra-low SLLs and SBLs, an optimal combination of switch-ON time sequences and progressive phase delays is employed. These parameters are fine-tuned using advanced metaheuristic optimization techniques, namely Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) and Sail Fish Optimization (SFO) techniques. The practical implementation of ATMEAA is analyzed at a fundamental operating frequency of 2.4 GHz. Key performance metrics such as SLLs, SBLs, feed network efficiency, and directivity are evaluated using the GWO and SFO methods. The results demonstrate significant improvements in reducing unwanted radiation components and boosting antenna performance. This approach ensures the antenna array is well-suited for high-performance applications in next-generation 5G and 6G wireless communication networks, where minimizing interference and maximizing efficiency are paramount for reliable and high-speed data transmission.